Return-oriented programming

it

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Return-oriented programming

Quality:

Return-oriented programming - computer security exploit technique that manipulates the call stack to hijack control flow. Article "Return-oriented programming" in Italian Wikipedia has 13.5 points for quality (as of July 1, 2025). The article contains 1 references and 2 sections.

This article has the best quality in English Wikipedia. Also, this article is the most popular in that language version.

Since the creation of article "Return-oriented programming", its content was written by 8 registered users of Italian Wikipedia and edited by 161 registered Wikipedia users in all languages.

The article is cited 3 times in Italian Wikipedia and cited 101 times in all languages.

The highest Authors Interest rank from 2001:

  • Local (Italian): #4418 in March 2015
  • Global: #72758 in May 2025

The highest popularity rank from 2008:

  • Local (Italian): #325896 in October 2018
  • Global: #134600 in February 2024

There are 15 language versions for this article in the WikiRank database (of the considered 55 Wikipedia language editions).

The quality and popularity assessment was based on Wikipédia dumps from July 1, 2025 (including revision history and pageviews for previous years).

The table below shows the language versions of the article with the highest quality.

Languages with the highest quality

#LanguageQuality gradeQuality score
1English (en)
Return-oriented programming
51.7057
2Arabic (ar)
البرمجة الموجهة للعودة
30.7434
3Ukrainian (uk)
Зворотно-орієнтоване програмування
29.0343
4Korean (ko)
반환 지향형 프로그래밍
24.5102
5Japanese (ja)
Return-oriented programming
23.7051
6Russian (ru)
Возвратно-ориентированное программирование
22.2705
7German (de)
Return Oriented Programming
22.2698
8French (fr)
Return-oriented programming
21.8015
9Catalan (ca)
Return-oriented programming
21.3849
10Persian (fa)
برنامه‌نویسی بازگشت محور
19.4352
More...

The following table shows the most popular language versions of the article.

Most popular in all the time

The most popular language versions of the article "Return-oriented programming" in all the time
#LanguagePopularity awardRelative popularity
1English (en)
Return-oriented programming
945 431
2German (de)
Return Oriented Programming
50 592
3Russian (ru)
Возвратно-ориентированное программирование
40 331
4French (fr)
Return-oriented programming
29 434
5Chinese (zh)
返回导向编程
27 818
6Italian (it)
Return-oriented programming
8 624
7Korean (ko)
반환 지향형 프로그래밍
8 318
8Portuguese (pt)
Return-oriented programming
4 788
9Japanese (ja)
Return-oriented programming
3 861
10Spanish (es)
Programación orientada al retorno
3 262
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest popularity in the last month.

Most popular in June 2025

The most popular language versions of the article "Return-oriented programming" in June 2025
#LanguagePopularity awardRelative popularity
1English (en)
Return-oriented programming
10 304
2French (fr)
Return-oriented programming
501
3German (de)
Return Oriented Programming
256
4Russian (ru)
Возвратно-ориентированное программирование
246
5Japanese (ja)
Return-oriented programming
206
6Spanish (es)
Programación orientada al retorno
162
7Chinese (zh)
返回导向编程
140
8Italian (it)
Return-oriented programming
108
9Korean (ko)
반환 지향형 프로그래밍
82
10Portuguese (pt)
Return-oriented programming
29
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest.

The highest AI

Language versions of the article "Return-oriented programming" with the highest Authors Interest (number of authors). Only registered Wikipedia users were taken into account.
#LanguageAI awardRelative AI
1English (en)
Return-oriented programming
85
2French (fr)
Return-oriented programming
12
3German (de)
Return Oriented Programming
10
4Portuguese (pt)
Return-oriented programming
9
5Chinese (zh)
返回导向编程
9
6Italian (it)
Return-oriented programming
8
7Azerbaijani (az)
Dönmək (proqramlaşdırma dillərində)
4
8Persian (fa)
برنامه‌نویسی بازگشت محور
4
9Japanese (ja)
Return-oriented programming
4
10Korean (ko)
반환 지향형 프로그래밍
4
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest in the last month.

The highest AI in June 2025

Language versions of the article "Return-oriented programming" with the highest AI in June 2025
#LanguageAI awardRelative AI
1English (en)
Return-oriented programming
3
2Arabic (ar)
البرمجة الموجهة للعودة
2
3Azerbaijani (az)
Dönmək (proqramlaşdırma dillərində)
1
4Japanese (ja)
Return-oriented programming
1
5Catalan (ca)
Return-oriented programming
0
6German (de)
Return Oriented Programming
0
7Spanish (es)
Programación orientada al retorno
0
8Persian (fa)
برنامه‌نویسی بازگشت محور
0
9French (fr)
Return-oriented programming
0
10Italian (it)
Return-oriented programming
0
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest number of citations.

The highest CI

Language versions of the article "Return-oriented programming" with the highest Citation Index (CI)
#LanguageCI awardRelative CI
1English (en)
Return-oriented programming
53
2Japanese (ja)
Return-oriented programming
9
3Korean (ko)
반환 지향형 프로그래밍
6
4Chinese (zh)
返回导向编程
6
5German (de)
Return Oriented Programming
5
6Persian (fa)
برنامه‌نویسی بازگشت محور
4
7French (fr)
Return-oriented programming
4
8Italian (it)
Return-oriented programming
3
9Catalan (ca)
Return-oriented programming
2
10Portuguese (pt)
Return-oriented programming
2
More...

Scores

Estimated value for Wikipedia:
Italian:
Global:
Popularity in June 2025:
Italian:
Global:
Popularity in all years:
Italian:
Global:
Authors in June 2025:
Italian:
Global:
Registered authors in all years:
Italian:
Global:
Citations:
Italian:
Global:

Quality measures

Interwikis

#LanguageValue
arArabic
البرمجة الموجهة للعودة
azAzerbaijani
Dönmək (proqramlaşdırma dillərində)
caCatalan
Return-oriented programming
deGerman
Return Oriented Programming
enEnglish
Return-oriented programming
esSpanish
Programación orientada al retorno
faPersian
برنامه‌نویسی بازگشت محور
frFrench
Return-oriented programming
itItalian
Return-oriented programming
jaJapanese
Return-oriented programming
koKorean
반환 지향형 프로그래밍
ptPortuguese
Return-oriented programming
ruRussian
Возвратно-ориентированное программирование
ukUkrainian
Зворотно-орієнтоване програмування
zhChinese
返回导向编程

Popularity rank trends

Best Rank Italian:
#325896
10.2018
Global:
#134600
02.2024

AI rank trends

Best Rank Italian:
#4418
03.2015
Global:
#72758
05.2025

Local AI rank history

Languages comparison

Important global interconnections (July 2024 – June 2025)

Wikipedia readers most often find their way to information on Return-oriented programming from Wikipedia articles about Return-to-libc attack, Stack-oriented programming, Opcode, ROP and Spectre. Whereas reading the article about Return-oriented programming people most often go to Wikipedia articles on Stack buffer overflow, Return-to-libc attack, Blind return-oriented programming, Executable-space protection and JIT spraying.

Cumulative results of quality and popularity of the Wikipedia article

List of Wikipedia articles in different languages (starting with the most popular):

News from 12 August 2025

On 12 August 2025 in multilingual Wikipedia, Internet users most often read articles on the following topics: Cristiano Ronaldo, Wednesday, Georgina Rodríguez, ChatGPT, Weapons, Jenna Ortega, deaths in 2025, Taylor Swift, Miguel Uribe Turbay, 2025–26 UEFA Champions League.

In Italian Wikipedia the most popular articles on that day were: La dea fortuna, Gabriel Diallo, Eccidio di Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Raimondo Vianello, Mercoledì (serie televisiva), Mia Martini, Anna (rapper), Sandra Mondaini, Adrian Mannarino, Gianluigi Donnarumma.

About WikiRank

The WikiRank project is intended for automatic relative evaluation of the articles in the various language versions of Wikipedia. At the moment the service allows to compare over 44 million Wikipedia articles in 55 languages. Quality scores of articles are based on Wikipedia dumps from July, 2025. When calculating current popularity and AI of articles data from June 2025 was taken into account. For historical values of popularity and AI WikiRank used data from 2001 to 2025... More information