Principles of Optics

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Principles of Optics

Quality:

Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light - Book by Max Born and Emil Wolf. Article “Principles of Optics” in English Wikipedia has 61.4 points for quality (as of July 1, 2025). The article contains 54 references and 19 sections.

In this language version of Wikipedia the article has the best quality. Also, this article is the most popular in that (English) language version.

Since the creation of article “Principles of Optics”, its content was written by 18 registered users of English Wikipedia and edited by 25 registered Wikipedia users in all languages.

The article is cited 77 times in English Wikipedia and cited 80 times in all languages.

The highest Authors Interest rank from 2001:

  • Local (English): #55803 in January 2021
  • Global: #203067 in January 2021

The highest popularity rank from 2008:

  • Local (English): #255080 in January 2021
  • Global: #445282 in January 2021

There are 2 language versions for this article in the WikiRank database (of the considered 55 Wikipedia language editions).

The quality and popularity assessment was based on Wikipédia dumps from July 1, 2025 (including revision history and pageviews for previous years).

The table below shows the language versions of the article with the highest quality.

Languages with the highest quality

#LanguageQuality gradeQuality score
1English (en)
Principles of Optics
61.3697
2French (fr)
Principles of Optics
30.1279
More...

The following table shows the most popular language versions of the article.

Most popular in all the time

The most popular language versions of the article "Principles of Optics" in all the time
#LanguagePopularity awardRelative popularity
1English (en)
Principles of Optics
43 245
2French (fr)
Principles of Optics
4 331
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest popularity in the last month.

Most popular in June 2025

The most popular language versions of the article "Principles of Optics" in June 2025
#LanguagePopularity awardRelative popularity
1English (en)
Principles of Optics
609
2French (fr)
Principles of Optics
23
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest.

The highest AI

Language versions of the article "Principles of Optics" with the highest Authors Interest (number of authors). Only registered Wikipedia users were taken into account.
#LanguageAI awardRelative AI
1English (en)
Principles of Optics
18
2French (fr)
Principles of Optics
7
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest in the last month.

The highest AI in June 2025

Language versions of the article "Principles of Optics" with the highest AI in June 2025
#LanguageAI awardRelative AI
1English (en)
Principles of Optics
0
2French (fr)
Principles of Optics
0
More...

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest number of citations.

The highest CI

Language versions of the article "Principles of Optics" with the highest Citation Index (CI)
#LanguageCI awardRelative CI
1English (en)
Principles of Optics
77
2French (fr)
Principles of Optics
3
More...

Scores

Estimated value for Wikipedia:
English:
Global:
Popularity in June 2025:
English:
Global:
Popularity in all years:
English:
Global:
Authors in June 2025:
English:
Global:
Registered authors in all years:
English:
Global:
Citations:
English:
Global:

Quality measures

Interwikis

#LanguageValue
enEnglish
Principles of Optics
frFrench
Principles of Optics

Popularity rank trends

Best Rank English:
#255080
01.2021
Global:
#445282
01.2021

AI rank trends

Best Rank English:
#55803
01.2021
Global:
#203067
01.2021

Languages comparison

Important global interconnections (July 2024 – June 2025)

Wikipedia readers most often find their way to information on Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light from Wikipedia articles about Transfer-matrix method, Emil Wolf, Snells law, Babinets principle and Optical dispersion. Whereas reading the article about Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light people most often go to Wikipedia articles on Max Born, Emil Wolf, Robert Maxwell, List of textbooks in electromagnetism and Classical literature.

Cumulative results of quality and popularity of the Wikipedia article

List of Wikipedia articles in different languages (starting with the most popular):

News from 15 February 2026

On 15 February 2026 in multilingual Wikipedia, Internet users most often read articles on the following topics: Jeffrey Epstein, Wuthering Heights, 2026 Winter Olympics, Epstein files, Ilia Malinin, Wuthering Heights, Ghislaine Maxwell, Lucas Pinheiro Braathen, 2026 Winter Olympics medal table, Valentine's Day.

In English Wikipedia the most popular articles on that day were: Jeffrey Epstein, Wuthering Heights, Wuthering Heights (2026 film), 2026 Winter Olympics, Lucas Pinheiro Braathen, Ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament, Epstein files, John F. Kennedy Jr., Anthony Kim, James Van Der Beek.

About WikiRank

The WikiRank project is intended for automatic relative evaluation of the articles in the various language versions of Wikipedia. At the moment the service allows to compare over 44 million Wikipedia articles in 55 languages. Quality scores of articles are based on Wikipedia dumps from July, 2025. When calculating current popularity and AI of articles data from June 2025 was taken into account. For historical values of popularity and AI WikiRank used data from 2001 to 2025... More information